The Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals

Abstract

Background:

Shift work and long working hours are increasingly common in healthcare settings, yet their potential impact on the mental health of healthcare professionals remains a significant concern. Previous studies have suggested that shift work and extended working hours may contribute to elevated risks of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. However, the evidence remains mixed, and there is a need for a comprehensive synthesis of the available literature to clarify these associations.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of shift work and long working hours on the mental health of healthcare professionals. We searched databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were included if they involved healthcare workers, assessed mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety), and provided quantitative data. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction included study design, sample size, population, and key outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results:

Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising both cohort and clinical trial designs. The studies indicated that healthcare professionals working shifts or long hours had a higher prevalence of mental health issues compared to those with regular working hours. The incidence of depression ranged from 20% to 40% among shift workers, with anxiety reported in 15% to 30% of healthcare workers. A significant association was found between rotating shift work and elevated stress levels, with night shifts particularly linked to worsened mental health outcomes. Variations in findings were observed across different regions, with studies in Western countries reporting slightly higher prevalence rates than those in Asia and the Middle East.

Conclusions:

This review highlights a significant association between shift work and mental health issues in healthcare professionals. Given the high prevalence of depression and anxiety, effective strategies are needed to mitigate the mental health risks associated with irregular working hours. Further research is needed to explore potential interventions, including work schedule adjustments and mental health support programs.